A: For Normal Patient Fasting should be less than 100 and 140 about two hours after meal.

A: For Diabetic Patient- The American Diabetes Association recommends a blood glucose range of 80-
130 before meals and less than 180 about 2 hours after a meal. This range should place your A1c under 7.

A Hemoglobin A1c is a 2-3 month average of your blood sugars. This result gives you a good idea of
how well your diabetes is being managed/controlled. The American Diabetes Association recommends an
A1c of less than 7 to keep the risk of complications low.

A: It is very important to keep your blood sugar level under control. When your blood sugar level is high,
it can cause damage in your veins and arteries. This damage could lead to complications later such as
heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, neuropathies, vision problems, etc.

Fruits, starchy vegetables, milk, yogurt, rice, cereals, bread and other grains all have carbs and give
you important nutrients. Many snack foods, such as chips and popcorn, have carbs. Sweets, including
regular soda, cakes, candy and cookies, also contain carbohydrates. Be sure to check the nutrition label on
each food item to determine carbohyrdate content.

Sugar free foods can be part of a healthy meal plan in small amounts. Keep in mind though that some
of these foods still have carbs (in the form of other sweeteners such as sorbitol, isomalt, and mannitol)
and may affect your blood glucose levels. Many sugar free foods have calories and carbohydrates and lots
of fat. Make sure you read the nutrition labels.

Currently no cure exists for diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a deficiency of the pancreas to produce
insulin, so insulin injections are necessary to sustain life. Type 2 diabetes is more common; the pancreas
can produce some insulin, but not enough for the diet and size of the body, and/or the insulin functions
poorly due to insulin resistance.

Research has shown that healthy lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise can decrease the need
for medication for type 2 diabetes. Even if symptoms diminish and blood glucose measures normal, the
disease is still present.
Your risk of complications of diabetes is lower if your blood glucose control is improved.

Many people with diabetes experience one or more symptoms, including extreme thirst or hunger, a
frequent need to urinate and/or fatigue. Some lose weight without trying. Additional signs include sores
that heal slowly, dry, itchy skin, loss of feeling or tingling in the feet and blurry eyesight. Some people
with diabetes, however, have no symptoms at all.

People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin to sustain life. People with type 2 diabetes either produce
inadequate insulin or have insulin resistance (which means the cells have difficulty responding to insulin)
or both. Treatment for type 2 usually begins with a change in diet and exercise. However, very
overweight, inactive newly diagnosed people with diabetes may have such a high blood glucose level that
they may initially need insulin to bring blood glucose under control. Many people with type 2 diabetes
can manage their diabetes with lifestyle changes and oral medications. Diabetes is a progressive disease,
and in spite of a person’s best efforts, they may need insulin to control blood glucose at some time.

If blood sugar is not kept in check, diabetes can lead to a number of serious complications, including
heart attacks, strokes, kidney disease, blindness, blood vessel disease that can require amputations, nerve
damage and impotence in men. However, a recent study conducted over a 10-year period showed that
patients can reduce the risk of complications by 50% or more when their blood sugar measures as close to
normal as possible.
The best way to protect yourself from the serious complications of diabetes is to manage your blood
glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol and avoid smoking. It is not always easy, but people who make
an ongoing effort to manage their diabetes can greatly improve their overall health.

It is important to talk with your doctor about whether alcohol is safe for you. If you do choose to drink,
do so occasionally and only when your blood sugar level is well controlled. Alcohol can cause low blood
sugar levels soon after drinking and for up to 24 hours after drinking. It is a good idea to check your blood
sugar before you drink and eat a meal or snack containing carbohydrates while drinking.