Clinical biochemical tests, are a category of laboratory tests that analyse various chemical components in blood, urine, and other bodily fluids to assess an individual's health and diagnose or monitor medical conditions. These tests provide important information about the functioning of various organs and systems in the body. Here are some common types of clinical biochemical tests:

1. Blood Glucose Test: Measures the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and hypoglycaemia.

2. Liver Function Tests: Include tests like ALT (alanine amino transferase), AST (aspartate amino transferase), and bilirubin to assess the health and functioning of the liver. Elevated liver enzyme levels can indicate liver disease or damage.

3. Kidney Function Tests: These tests measure levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to evaluate how well the kidneys are filtering waste from the blood. Abnormal levels can suggest kidney disease or dysfunction.

4. Electrolyte Panel: Measures the levels of important electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride in the blood. Imbalances can affect nerve and muscle function.

5. Lipid Profile: Assesses cholesterol levels, including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and triglycerides. It helps in evaluating cardiovascular health and the risk of heart disease.

6. Thyroid Function Tests: Includes tests for thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) to diagnose and monitor thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

7. Serum Protein Electrophoresis: Separates and quantifies different types of proteins in the blood, which can help diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma or other protein-related disorders.

8. Serum Iron and Ferritin: Measures iron levels in the blood and ferritin levels in the body. Useful in diagnosing anaemia and iron overload conditions like haemochromatosis.

9. Cardiac Biomarkers: Includes tests like troponin and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) to assess heart muscle damage during a heart attack.

10. C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Measures inflammation in the body and helps diagnose conditions like infections or inflammatory diseases.

11. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Reflects average blood sugar levels over the past few months and is used to monitor long-term blood sugar control in diabetes.

12. Coagulation Profile: Assesses how well the blood clots by measuring factors like prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). It is important for evaluating bleeding disorders and monitoring anticoagulant therapy.

These clinical biochemical tests provide valuable insights into a patient's overall health and can assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing a wide range of medical conditions. The results of these tests are often used in conjunction with a patient's medical history and physical examination to make informed healthcare decisions.

Instruments and equipment
Biochemical analyser
XL 200 by ERBA Mannheim

Advia Centaur CP -Siemens

Maglumi X3 - SNIBE